USING FINANCIAL ANALYSYSIS TO ASSESS A BUSINESSES FOOTING - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1545 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? British Petroleum is one of the largest companies providing energy. The company operates across six different continents, their products and services are also available in more than hundred countries in the world. The company yearly make a huge return on investments for its share holders. Bp is a growing local oil company into a world energy group. BP has employed over 80,000 people all around the world. BACKGROUND British petroleum 2007 to 2009 British Petroleum starts mango production offshore Trinidad On November 17, 2007 British Petroleum started the natural gas production from the mango field. The mango field is 35 miles south east of Galeota point in water depth of some 235 feet. British Petroleum in Trinidad and Tobago holds 100 percent interest in the field. The field is developed by a single unmanned platform with a capacity to produce from a well. The gas is exported through a pipeline which is 26 inches in diameter. The mango platform is the second to be built to the same size and standard as the cannon balls platform. The 860 tonne mango jacket and 890 tonne topside were built at the Trinidad offshore fabrications (TOFCO). 2008 Energy utilization rises as supplies hold-up but free energy markets do work On June 11th , 2008 the quality of world energy market was high and its price was unstable. This had a great impact on the supply and demand on the energy products. British Petroleum shows that the worlds fossil fuel resource has enough energy to sustain world growing population in spite of this issue. The weak point in the supply of the oil and rising demand outside the OECD also makes the work harder for the energy supply industry. The downfall in the production of oil in the OECD shows the issue that resources are not a constraint globally, but the recourse with British petroleum oil are limited. This is because of the barriers like political factors, taxes plays an vital role in this. Despite of high energy prices, the world energy market produces reliable energy supply. The statics in the year 2007 shows the market do work, the consumers and produces respond to changes in the energy prices. 2009 British petroleum discovered giant oil at its Tiber prospect in the deepwater US Gulf Of Mexico On 2nd September 2009 the Tiber well is located around 400 kilometres in south east of Houston and is in 4,132 feet of water . The depth of the Tiber well is about 35,055 feet which is 10,685 meters exactly which makes is the one of the deepest wells ever made by the oil and gas company. This well found oil in different lower territory reservoirs. The review will be needed to determine the size of the Tiber well discovery. The British petroleum has already discovered Kaskidas well and this Tiber is the discovery of British petroleum. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "USING FINANCIAL ANALYSYSIS TO ASSESS A BUSINESSES FOOTING" essay for you Create order Ratio Analysis for British petroleum PROFITABILITY Analysis of profitability for the company British petroleum for profit margin, Return of share holders funds (ROSF) and Return of capital employed (ROCE) 2009 2008 2007 Profit Margin 10.21 9.34 10.85 Return on shareholders funds (ROSF) 24.73 37.55 33.74 Return on capital employed (ROCE) 14.34 21.88 21.08 PROFIT MARGIN Profit margin is ratio of profitability calculated as net  income  divided by revenues, or net profits divided by sales. The profit margin of BP in the year 2007, 2008 and 2009 is 10.85, 9.34 and 10.21 respectively. Comparing the profit margin in the year 07 and 08 there is a decrease in the profit to 1.51 and comparing with 08 to the next year there is a increase in the profit up to 0.87. Even though there is increase in the profit in the year 2009, 2007 profit margin is higher compared to the last year. Return on shareholders funds (ROSF) ROSF ratio is a measure of profitability. ROSF of BP in the year 2007, 2008 and 2009 is 33.74, 37.55 and 24.73 respectively. When we compare the ratio of the year 2007 which is 33.74 to the year 2008 which is 37.55 there is increase in the ratio up to 3.81 percent. Comparing the ratios of 2008 and 2009 there is a great downfall up to 12.82 percent. When comparing the ratio of the year 2009 to 2007 the result remains the same which is, the ratio has decreased. Return on capital employed (ROCE) The ROCE ratio compares the net profit (before interest and taxation) generated by company to the long term capital invested in the company during the same period. ROCE of BP in the year 2007, 2008 and 2009 is 21.08, 21.88 and 14.34 respectively. On comparing the ratios of the year 2007 which is 21.08 and the year 2008 which is 21.88 there is a slight increase in the ratio percentage which is 0.8 percent. But when comparing 2008 ratio with the next year there is a big downfall to the ratio in 2009 which is 14.34 percent and difference in the ratios between these two years is 7.54 percent. Conclusion It is to be noted that the company has a growth in all the three ratios from the year 2007 to 2008, but from the year 2008 to the next year which is 2009 there is decrease in all the three ratios. This makes us clear that the company is going down in the profitability compared to the previous two years. Ratios Ratios are useful indicators for the companys performance and financial conditions. Ratios can analyse and predict the future of the company. Now we shall analyse the ratios of BP for liquid ratio, gearing ratio, current ratio and share holders liquid ratio. 2009 2008 2007 Liquid Ratio 0.76 0.71 0.69 Gearing Ratio 82.42 89.52 77.22 Current Ratio 1.14 0.95 1.04 Share holders Liquid Ratio 1.38 1.40 1.67 Liquid ratio Liquid Ratio is a ratio which measures companys capability to pay short term bills. Liquid ratios of BP in the year 2007, 2008 and 2009 are 0.69, 0.71 and 0.76. As we compare the ratios of the year 2007 and 2008 there is an increase in the ratio up to 0.02. And comparing the year 2008 with next year, there is an increase again in the ratio, but the ratio which has increased between these two years is more (0.05) compared to 2007 and 2008. Gearing Ratio Gearing Ratio in the year 2007 is 77.22 but when compared to the year 2008 which is 89.52 there is good increase in the gearing ratio which is 12.3 percent. But when comparing the ratio of the year 2008 to the next year 2009 which is 82.42 the ratios have been decreased by 7.1 percent. When we compare the ratios for the year 2009 and 2007 we can find that there is a increase in ratio by 5.2 percent. Current ratio Current ratio of BP in the year 2007 is 1.04 when comparing this ratio to the year 2008 which is 0.95 there is a decrease in the current ratio up to 0.09. When we compare the ratio of the year 2008 to the next year 2009 which is 1.14, we can see there is an increase by 0.19. Now comparing the ratios of 2009 and 2007, here also we can find that ratio has increased from the year 2007 to the year 2009. Share holders Liquid ratio Here are the share holders liquid ratio for three consecutive year 2007, 2008 and 2009 which is 1.67, 1.40 and 1.38 respectively. When comparing 2007 and 2008 ratios we can see that the ratios have been decreased by 0.27. And the comparing 2008 ratio with the very next ratio which is 2009 we can see that the ratios have been declined again up to 0.02. When comparing 2007 and 2009 ratios we can see there is decrease in the results. Conclusion All the four ratios are act in four different ways for three years comparison. For Liquid ratio the ratios are gradually increasing from 2007 to 2009. In Gearing ratio the ratios increase from 2007 to 2008 and then it decreases from there. For Current ratio the ratios decreases from the year 2007 to 2008 and then it increases. For Share holders Liquid ratio the ratios gradually decreases. Turn over Turnover is the annual sales of the company. 2009 2008 2007 Turnover 152,417 253,088 146,238 When comparing the turnover for BP for the year 2007 (146,238) and 2008 (253,088) we can see that the company has improved in that year the turnover has been improved. But comparing the next two years which is 2008 (253,088) and 2009 (152,417) it is to be noted that there is downfall in the companies turnover. Current Event since 2009 Balance Sheet In 20th April 2010 there was a explosion and fire in BP oil rig which took place in deepwater horizon in Gulf Of Mexico. After this incident took place eleven workers was reported missing and around seventeen workers was injured. And three days after this incident it is found that the oil is leaking from the well. US coast guards found that oil which leaks from the well is around 5000 barrels of crude oil per day. This is around 430,000 dollars per day. This event will give a big impact on this years balance sheet because the company has lost good will, there will be big loss in companys profit margin and turn over because of the loss of 5000 barrels per day. There will also bring down all ratios because of explosion and oil spill and workers missing. BP after this event has lost its good will. Conclusion In conclusion the analysis of the ratios says the year 2008 is the best year compared to the three years (2007, 2008, and 2009). Except for profit margin, share holders liquid ratio and current ratio compared to the previous year it has decreased to an extent. And in this years (2010) balance sheet will go down to an extent because of the explosion and fire in the oil rig and even issue of workers in oil rig has been missing after the explosion. The companys shares will go down and the company will also lose its good will. The companys profit margin and turn over will go down because of the oil spill which consumes around 5000 barrels of crude oil per day.

Drugs and Alcohol in the Adolescent Years Essay - 1547 Words

Drugs and Alcohol in the Adolescent Years The years of adolescence are a very important time for both young girls and boys to make decisions that will essentially have the power to shape their lives. In life there are conflicts to be overcome from both the â€Å"evil† social world and also a young girl’s vulnerability can cause problems. Both have a huge impact on decisions she will make. Drugs and alcohol are both issues that almost any young person in today’s society is going to come into contact with. Then there is the issues of making decisions about how these substances will affect their life. It is interesting to study and compare the drug use among different ethnic groups as well as how the culture that one is brought up†¦show more content†¦Even more interesting is a sample taken that showed that those adolescents who start drugs and alcohol at a younger age like 15, are more likely to keep up the habit as opposed to someone who starts using at an older age. (Dewitt, Offord, pg. 7.) Drug and alcohol use also increases when young people leave for college. (Dewitt, Offord, pg.7.) All these results show how imperative it is for a young adolescent to have parental guidance and love during their life. Now that I have established the patterns of drug use occurring in young boys and girls it is important to figure out why this is the way that it is. Many people have pondered and studied the concept of ethnicity and it’s affects on drug use in young children. Focusing on border life on the American-Mexico border and mainly alcohol consumption among Mexican American woman, the results are very interesting. A recent survey was done on the alcohol consumption of white women and Mexican women along the U.S. Mexican border. It was found that very little data exists on alcohol consumption among women in different groups of the U.S. population. Mexican Americans combine the second largest racial or ethnic minority in the U.S. and again there is little data on this population group. This survey done in 1979 attempts to fill some of the missing holes by comparing these two races of women living on the border. The first fact to be found was that in theShow MoreRelatedAdolescent Drug Abuse And Alcohol1426 Words   |  6 PagesHEAD: Alcohol and Drug Abuse Adolescent Drug Abuse and Alcohol Nyria Madison Liberty University Coun 620 Abstract Around the world we are finding that most adolescent are experiencing drugs and alcohol. This has been a huge issue for years. This has become a trend in society as of today. This paper will discuss the perspective of adolescent alcohol and drugs. This paper will also identify and inform you on the common predictors of adolescent substanceRead MoreEssay on Adolescent Substance Abuse1656 Words   |  7 PagesSubstance Abuse Adolescent Substance Abuse Dana Sweitzer Liberty University Abstract Adolescent substance abuse is a major problem in society. There are many risk factors that can contribute to adolescent substance abuse. One of the main risk factors is peer pressure. When adolescents start at a young age there is an increase in health problems, addiction, and over all poor social outcomes. Parental influence has substantial effect on adolescents because the adolescent sees their parentsRead MoreThe Psychological Effects Of Adolescent Substance Abuse1469 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescent substance abuse is one of the largest issues faced by our society today. According to Teenrehab.com, nearly 50% of all high school seniors have abused some form of illicit substance and according to National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism nearly 70% of 18 year olds have at the least tried alcohol. Many more adolescents are trying, and getting addicted to, drugs every year. In my opinion this is one of the most critical issues that we have to address as a society. Summary Response:Read MoreNotes On Adolescence And Substance Use Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pagesjust before adulthood. Risky behaviors can include drug or alcohol use or abuse (Broderick Blewitt, 2015). This paper will examine the relationship between adolescences and alcohol use, and the effect that alcohol have on the developing brain. As well as, how a healthy spiritual development can effect substance use in adolescences. In addition, it will discuss the issue of local drug or alcohol use, and examine the presence of drugs or alcohol within the community. Finally, it will examine andRead MoreAlcohol And Cannabis : The Second And Third Most Consumed Drugs Behind Tobacco For New Zealanders Essay1388 Words   |  6 PagesAlcohol and cannabis are the second and third most consumed drugs behind tobacco for New Zealanders (â€Å"National drug policy†, 2007). Oceania (Australia and New Zealand) exhibits the highest rate of cannabis use in the world, with 9.1-14.6% of the popu lation aged 16-64 using cannabis. In conjunction, more than one third (males 38.5%, females 37.9%) of New Zealand youths aged 13-17 have smoked marijuana at least once, with 7.9% of males and 5.7% of females indicating weekly use (Watson, Clark, SporleRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Addiction On Children1506 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction When an individual is struggling with drug addiction problems, the family is affected physically, mentally, and emotionally. The disease not only changes the addict’s whole life, but it changes the lives of their family members as parents get torn apart from themselves and each other. The role of each family member begins to shape around what is in the best interest of the addict. This research paper is an overview of the effects that raising a drug addicted child has on parent’s ability toRead MoreEssay on Preventing Addiction1567 Words   |  7 PagesAddiction, addict, addicted, and addicting, are all words that are socially frowned upon. Yet adolescent addiction is on the rise, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, prescription drug use in particular is on the rise. On the other hand, use of cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and hallucinogens have decreased, but marijuana use has remained the same. Most addiction starts at the adolescent age when tee ns are trying to find themselves, and find relief from the social problems they encounterRead MoreThe Effects Of Using Drugs At A Young Age982 Words   |  4 Pagessome drugs that officials ascertained over the past year is astounding. Middle school children are getting more access to drugs including, over the counter medicine, alcohol and everyday household products today versus the last decade. It is important because as one gets older, it could be a gateway to much harder drugs like stimulants, narcotics, benzodiazepines, hallucinogens and ecstasy as well as no one, knows the long term effect of using drugs at a young age. Starting The Usage of Drugs AccordingRead MoreAdolescence And Addictions : Addiction And Addiction894 Words   |  4 PagesAdolescence and Addictions Adolescence that are faced with drug addictions are considered addicts with undeniable habits of drug use and little to no concerns of long term effects on the brain. Most drug additions whether prescription, narcotic, or alcohol, causes detrimental effect on the brain that impacts ones behaviors and thought process in making precise decisions in daily activities. Brain diseases are rapid among drug users for long periods of time that in turn can destroy the ones opportunityRead MoreWhat Does The Strength Perspective Can Be Beneficial? Adolescents?1285 Words   |  6 Pagesadolescents relate to the clinician that is working with them. This could be because strengths based is a positive perspective that is meant to encourage and teach the teens how to cope. Strengths based perspective is also known to help open up adolescent’s ability to talk with their parents and can also decrease negative behaviors. After the five week treatment was complete the adolescent where asked to talk about their experience and what they liked most about the strengths based perspective

Childhood Education and Critical Literacy †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Childhood Education and Critical Literacy. Answer: In a broader perspective, the term critical literacy as such do not seem to adhere with the situation of play based education. However, a deep delve into the concept of critical literacy and its corresponding impacts on nascent minds would imply its need since the initiation of early childhood education (Luke, 2018). Popular culture on the other hand has a huge band of creativity and challenges to offer to students if included in educational module (Ntelioglou Peterson, 2017). To begin with, the best description of critical literacy would be an approach or the ability of an individual to critically about the unequal distribution of power between the citizens of a particular place. Popular culture can be defined as adapting a culture that is based on taste and choice of individuals. It is also an ever-changing trend. The inclusion of critical literacy in the educational system has shown noticeable impact on childrens learning process (Morrell, 2015). Owing to the changing political and social circumstances in this era, it has become imperative to include critical literacy and popular culture as mainstream syllabus in the educational system since the very early stage of learning. Critical literacy offers an understanding of the constant chance in the politics of the nation and the concentration of power (Luke, 2017). It keeps its primary focus on language and literacy in the backdrop of concentration of political powers. Emphasizing on powers and its relation with politics, it enhances a students idea regarding the fact that everything is subjected to change and it is only through proper literacy and proper knowledge that firm social constructions can be reconstructed. Inclusion of critical literacy in the regular syllabus makes belief each student that all of them are worthy, important and respon sible citizens and must also make equal contribution towards the development of the nation. In play based education, since there is no pressure of reading and learning of the topics mentioned in the syllabus, the students can learn about critical literacy more freely that would make an ever lasting impression in the nascent minds. The impact of critical literacy does not end here rather has a lot more. The practice of Critical literacy since play based childhood learning endows students with an ability to judge an interpret texts keeping at par the critical theories and methods that they have learnt (Pyle, DeLuca Danniels, 2017). Having a deep insight on the concept of critical literacy helps the students to understand the difference between the literal and the lateral meaning of textual books (Provenzo Apple, 2015). Apart from that students are also able to draw a critical analysis of all the societal norms. For instance, the choice of apparels and the endorsement of the type of apparels would be critically analyzed by a student of critical literacy to inspect the type and choice of society. It would reflect on the structure and norms of the society and all these qualities would develop since childhood. A deep insight on critical literacy empowers a student with dense, deep and accurate knowledge regarding related matters. A student of critical literacy is confident and capable enough to question the authenticity of power structures as explicitly represented in texts. Incorporation of critical literacy in early childhood learning majorly affects and shapes a childs mental structure and his or her vision. Whatever the students read or learn, are placed against the theoretical framework of critical literacy to get a clear understanding of the discordant social issues prevalent within the nation. Such students are hard to convince with false hopes as the entire education is fact based and can be molded only through reasoning. Another important criteria that the students with critical literacy achieves is the assessment of role of language in politics (Janks, 2017). Students also draws a reflective connection with whatever they reads and tries to dive deep into the situation in which the author might have written. Such students makes an assessment of the authors viewpoint and the existing mental state that the author was in. The students crosscheck any political context before believing it. Incorporation of critical literacy and the execution of the s ame through play based approach helps the students to reflect on their own life while continuing with the study of any particular topic. That is, in critical literature, the students not only read and learn for the sake of reading and learning. The entire approach is play based where the facilitator provides the students with real life situation to practically read and learn through experiences. Since play based learning has no text books or limited study materials, whatever the students are learning are entirely based on personal experience and discussion. It induces the students with a sense of responsibility towards the country and thus makes responsible citizens. It must be asserted that critical literacy gives way to interaction among the students. For instance, when a student deciphers a text in different module, he or she without any iota of doubt discusses the same with the teachers and the facilitators and with the other fellow students (Alvermann et al, 2018). This again c alls for a discussion among the other students, since, the other students also draws a different meaning than the lateral meaning of the text. In later phase, that is in the secondary school too, critical literacy through play-based learning is immensely advantageous. Since the students already holds expertise in the evaluating and analyzing the underlying meaning of a text, it helps the students to understand and examine the course better. Critical literacy is a concept that cannot be learnt or mugged, but can be nurtured and developed. This development essentially happens with practice. In this particular context, it is needless to assert that, since, critical learning is already incorporated at the grass root level the students are more or less equipped with all the methods and the tools required analyzing a text and deciphering its meaning in a different way. Assuming a hypothetical situation in order to assess the importance of incorporating critical learning in grass root level, it can be well understood the immense contribution that critical literacy holds in enriching the knowledge of the future generation (Peterson , Forsyth McIntyre, 2015). True to all the modes of learning, critical literacy and its incorporation in play based learning too has some positive and negative impacts on students and society as a whole. Critical literacy is majorly advantageous to students. It reflects on the working process. It enables the students to think and question the working of a process or function. The students automatically while coming across a new subject examines the authenticity and validity of the claims made by the author. They also cross examine the information laid down. Students if taught critical literacy since the very grass root level encourages them to evaluate texts through reading comprehension. It must be noted that all the knowledge gather through the process of critical literacy are explicit, comprehensive and detailed. Since the students do not go through a monotonous mugging process, they are able to retain the learning in long term. Another astounding benefit of critical learning is that it also helps students having reading disabilities. Taking into account that critical literacy is all about facts, philosophies and ideologies, it needs only intelligence to understand and adhere to the topic (Jahoda Lewis, 2015). Learning or mugging of the topics or f the syllabus is not required and hence, it is beneficial for the students having reading disability. The drawbacks of critical literacy are limited since it is an approach, which majorly benefits students. The only disadvantage that can be talked of is the immense pressure that it creates on the nascent minds. In the context of play-based child learning, it can be asserted that critical literacy is a concept that requires maturity to understand. Its values and importance and the corresponding analysis calls for a matured brain. Not all children would be intelligent enough to understand texts in the context of critical literacy (Roskos, 2017). One of the most researched teaching method is questioning techniques. It is found that the teachers in various institutions spend 35% to 50% of the time of instruction in question and answer sessions. The questioning techniques are both ways important. The teachers understand the level of learning achieved by the students by asking questions to the student on the other hand the student is allowed to ask question on the account of filling the learning gaps that still may have been remaining in the students mind. The involvement of the student increases and also the interest level rises because the student finds it interactive to question and get answers. It also increases the level of critical thinking in the students. The essence of childrens learning is majorly concentrated in their language and communication. The more children communicate, the more they are able to retain the knowledge in the long-run (Roskos, 2017). The discursive manner of critical literacy promotes debates, arguments and discussions regarding the same. It thus, enhances the language and communication power of children from an early age. Critical literacy treats language and communication as an essential tool that is used for enriching the values of all the courses learnt through critical literacy. The fact that holds the prime interest in this context is that critical literacy here in integrated with play based approach. The language is focused here through a number of actions of play-based approach like critically thinking, analyzing, evaluating, discussing, debating and interacting with other fellow learners. It is an interesting fact to know that the incorporation of critical literacy in regular course in kindergarten lets the children to have enough topic of discussion. Since it has been noted that critical literacy majorly focuses on the deeper interpretation of texts and tries to emphasize on the details of actuality of information, it creates a wider aspect of discussion among the children. The students get an opportunity to share their own individual ideas that acts as an effective language and communication method. It is needless to assert that the ideas and thought process of all the children in a cross are not alike and hence it calls for a cross or clash. However, this clash is taken in a positive manner and the facilitator or the teacher allows the cross and clash in an organized manner. That is, the difference I ideas and thought processes calls for debate ad argumentation. Debate and argumentation are a never ending process and gives students topic enough to carry on the disc ussion. The students are benefitted with new ideas while they share their own with others (Leland, Lewison Harste, 2014). The teachers and the educators also evaluate and examine the discourse of the students to get an insight of their understanding regarding the matter. Apart from that, the teachers and the facilitators are also able to note the strength and improvement in language and communication within the students. The implementation of critical literacy into play based will be achieved in the following ways. The students will be from the very beginning taught to look at things from both ways. They must be judging on both the positive aspects and negative aspects of a particular literature. By literature here all kinds of academic means to impart knowledge is meant. A person should understand the underlying meaning and purpose of texts and speeches. Therefore, from the very beginning there will be encouragement of critically looking at things. Example of such method is, when the children are there in the classroom discussions and interactive sessions may be held, where the teachers will talk about positive and negative aspects of simple things. The children will be allowed to present their own interpretation of things and theories, and their imaginative power will be allowed to flow. The system must not be one sided where the teacher will force feed information to the students in a one sided ma nner. At the concluding part, it can thus be asserted that critical literacy is imperative to enrich and enhance the learning process of students. Critical learning if incorporated in the very initial phase of education, that is, in the kindergarten would not only help the students to develop their moral responsibilities towards the society but also at the same time would bestow the students with the gift of critical thinking ability. It is thus needless to assert that play based approach of education at kindergarten if incorporates critical literacy would mould the mindset of the students, sharpen their ideological framework and enshrine the students with power to dissect established and proven ideas and principles. References Alvermann, D. E., Moon, J. S., Hagwood, M. C., Hagood, M. C. (2018).Popular culture in the classroom: Teaching and researching critical media literacy. Routledge. Jahoda, G., Lewis, I. (Eds.). (2015).Acquiring Culture (Psychology Revivals): Cross Cultural Studies in Child Development. Psychology Press. Janks, H. (2017). Doing critical literacy. InGlobal Conversations in Literacy Research(pp. 49-60). Routledge. Leland, C. H., Lewison, M., Harste, J. C. (2014).Creating critical classrooms: Reading and writing with an edge. Routledge. Luke, A. (2017). Critical literacy, school improvement, and the four resources model. InGlobal Conversations in Literacy Research. Routledge. Luke, A. (2018). Critical literacy in Australia: A matter of context and standpoint. InCritical Literacy, Schooling, and Social Justice(pp. 186-206). Routledge. Morrell, E. (2015).Critical literacy and urban youth: Pedagogies of access, dissent, and liberation. Routledge. Ntelioglou, B. Y., Peterson, S. S. (2017). Exploring Language, Literacy, and Identity Connections through Play-Based Education in Rural, Remote, and Indigenous Communities.Language and Literacy,19(2), 1-3. Peterson, S. S., Forsyth, D., McIntyre, L. J. (2015). Balancing Play-Based Learning With Curricular Mandates: Considering the Views of Northern Canadian Teachers and Early Childhood Educators.Canadian Children,40(3). Provenzo, E. F., Apple, M. W. (2015).Critical literacy: What every American needs to know. Routledge. Pyle, A., DeLuca, C., Danniels, E. (2017). Context and Implications Document for: A scoping review of research on play?based pedagogies in kindergarten education.Review of Education,5(3), 352-353. Roskos, K. A. (Ed.). (2017).Play and literacy in early childhood: Research from multiple perspectives. Routledge.

Singapore cultures primary mode of subsistence

Social Organization According to Jones, Singapore has not had a proper structure of a welfare services since gaining autonomy in late 1950s (2002, p.57). The ruling party-People Action Party (PAP) – that ruled Singapore from 1959 has steadily resisted efforts to set up welfare services for its people.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Singapore cultures primary mode of subsistence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, the typical elements that characterize a welfare society such as unemployment benefits, state pension, disability pension, child benefits and allowances have largely been nonexistence in Singapore. Individuals who cannot sustain themselves economically usually rely on public support. However, the rates imposed on public assistance are devised to provide essential support only. Moreover, the state not the sole contributor of welfare services for instance: care for the aged pers ons; family counseling; support for the disabled; treatment of drug addicts; and child protection. As a result, the government’s expenditure on welfare services has remained a tiny proportion of the aggregate government budget. For example, according to the Ministry of Finance, Singapore government spent 0.9 % of its gross domestic product on social services in 2002 fiscal year (Jones, 2002, p.58). Welfare needs are vital to the comfort of the people. Most of social needs have emerged as a result of the state’s social and economic reforms that have created a prosperous and wealthy society in Singapore. According to the government, charitable groups have a duty to provide welfare service in Singapore while the state acts as a supervisor and resource donor (Jones, 2002, p.58). The voluntary welfare organizations (VWO)-including community groups, religious organizations, charitable groups and self-help groups- have played a vital role in the dispensation of social and wel fare services in Singapore. The religious organizations are involved in provision of care for the old and disabled, providing guidance to individuals and families under pressure and offering financial support for the poor. The VWO are also provides services such as nursery education for small children who lack parental care due to work engagements. The day centers set up by VWO provide conducive environment for the disabled and the elderly to interrelate socially and participate in recreational activities.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The student care institutions supervise homework and recreational activities for children whose parents are employed. The VWO also have set up centers to help drug addicts, poor persons and abused children. These programs are usually carried out in all regions of Singapore. They are also established in specific community to provide service for the local residence (Jones, 2002, p.64). Singapore has recorded rapid economic growth in the last two decades. Consequently, unemployment rate has been less than three percent while living standards have been exceptionally high. Some of the benefits of rapid economic growth in Singapore include: superior standard of public and private housing, large disposable income, low levels of crime, efficient healthcare structures, well-organized public services and a generally sanitized environment (Jones, 2002, p.59). However, economic affluence in Singapore has been attained at a price. For example, there has been a marked increase in income and wealth disparities when compared to other Asian countries such as Japan. The average wages for the top 19.9% of households with respect to prosperity is currently 21 times bigger than the average earnings of the last 19.9%. It is worth to note that the income gap was slightly above ten times ten years before. Even though poverty has been reduced to bare minimal, income gaps abound in Singapore. Moreover, economic development, merged with the prevalent Confucianism in Singapore has brought about a strong accomplishment culture, symbolized by the adoption of educational and vocational achievement (Jones, 2002, p.59). The urge to be triumphant has contributed to considerable levels of personal and family anxiety (Jones, 2002, p.59). In addition, it has led to a sense of segregation and discontent amongst Singaporeans who have failed to attain expected social status. The social and economic revolution in the country has also contributed to the substitution of the conventional societies based on the village (kampong) with extensive up to date housing estates. This change eradicated communal identity and a sense of ownership among Singaporeans. More recently, the extensive 3-generation family units are currently facing oblivion due to the emergence in prominence of the 2-generation nuclear family units. The family units and the traditional community offered moral and personal security to individual members in the society (Jones, 2002, p.60). Moreover, the assimilation of a substantial segment of female inhabitants in Singapore into the employment sector, especially over 58% of female within the 20-40 age cohorts has created problems related with provision of child care. A notable effect related with economic and social reforms is the ageing of the country’s populace, brought about by improved standards of life and efficient health care services.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Singapore cultures primary mode of subsistence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All these reforms have thus given rise to a wide range of costs synonymous with contemporary urban society. Individuals and households in need of financial assistance, mounting rates of divorce, child abuse, increase in crime rate, and a growing population of o ld people in need of welfare services (Jones, 2002, p.60). Economic organization Some of the major economic gains realized in Singapore can be attributed to the state’s decision to adopt a Democratic Enterprise due to the defects of the Socialist model in communist states. The basis for this paradigm shift has been necessitated by the emergence of the era of global information and technological advancement that offer a platform for essential reforms in the economic system. The model also offers more liberty from the traditional factors of production: labor, capital and land. It also provides the much needed technology for worldwide integration. The model stresses on the function of information and how it can be employed productively in economic administration. In addition, it incorporates democratic tenets that allow individuals to run the economy. It thus upholds capitalist enterprise whereas its democratic space curbs social hostility in various ways (Applications, 2010, p. 8). The principal objective of Democratic Enterprise is personal liberty within the society that is combined into several networks that generate a variety of political, social, economical and educational gains. Thus, the core values of the model are autonomy and creativity based on the welfare gains and unlimited dispensation of information. Democratic Enterprise is also known as â€Å"knowledge industry model† of economic growth because it entails a higher level of autonomy to modernize and to correlate with whoever is suitable to develop novel products (Applications, 2010, p.9). For example, the employment patterns in the contemporary developed economies such as Singapore have effectively reorganized and improved their labor intensive exports by using advanced technologies (Agarwal et al, 2001, p.18). Some services are outsourced and the firms become flexible, systemized organizations that can be altered if need be.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Business ventures cannot be managed from a central point as they require a devolved structure and an efficient communication system. The role of state is thus limited to provision of infrastructures and social and economic policies to promote economic activities (Applications, 2010, p.9). Among the advanced economies, Singapore was identified as one of the countries that adopted the Democratic Enterprise model in 1995. The function of the government was to facilitate an enabling economic infrastructure that augmented sound economic development in Singapore. Since globalization allows firms to decentralize their operations in numerous locations, most governments face mounting pressure to draw viable domestic and foreign investments by offering low taxes, social infrastructures and highly efficient information structure, nominal regulations, novel technologies, skilled labor force and product market. Thus, the ability to adopt this new model developed Singapore into one of the most ad vanced cities in Asia. Although the city is not endowed with natural resources and has a tiny population, Singapore has attracted over 3,000 firms by developing a highly sophisticated economic infrastructure and public Information Technology. As a result, Singapore was voted as one of the highly competitive economies in the globe by the Global Competitive Report (Applications, 2010, p.9). The adoption of the Democratic Model promotes socialist and capitalist approaches to global information technology that fosters a system of individual ingenuity in Singapore. The city has thus been able to create an efficient structure of education, excellent worker-management bond and efficient communication system. Firms in the country have designed their own global commercial systems in partnership with domestic teams that act as semi-autonomous units. The new business enterprises are characterized by alliances between unions, firms, government and workers. Under the Enterprise model, mutual ben efits demand an amalgamation of local and international partnership with the co-dependent enterprise of all stakeholders. Singapore has successfully implemented this new economic model through privatization, involvement of labor unions and minimal government involvement (Applications, 2010, p.9). The government has thus realized that the mutual integration of business ventures and human principles is more fruitful and effective than previous methods used to manage economic activities in Singapore. The structure of public governance employed by Singapore entails five general tenets that tell them apart from other countries where economic rational model is the main driver of economic activities. The first is the recognition of the prominent role of state in creating liaison between public sector, business enterprises and civil organizations. Second, the tactical scheduling of national aims that encompass all segments of the economy is perceived as vital to national growth and is ackno wledged as a state duty. Third, the population is perceived as a critical element to economic development and that full employment is the optimal way to repay their contribution. The state has thus supported efforts by civil organizations to provide financial and welfare needs of the population. Fourth, the Singapore’s government is seriously committed to display its obligations through a variety of lucid procedures. Finally, the government is committed to implementing sustainable economic policies as opposed to economic rational policies that are short term in nature. Thus the public governance model has been successfully used in Singapore. The gains of economic growth have also been spread to the population more evenly than before (Callender Johnston, 1998, p.168). Political organization The democratic systems adopted in Southeast Asia have employed the principles of Asia and western countries as precise cultural constructions underlining the legality of some political eng agements and institutions. In nutshell, these cultural principles have been used to legitimize a type of political statute called, Asian Democracy, which has been used by political leaders in Singapore. The proponents of Asian Democracy claim that the model echoes authentic Asian traditional ideals such as community, agreement and consensus. These values are distinguished from the Western cultural values such as conflict, egoism and individualism (Lawson, 1995, p.1). Asian Democracy has significantly limited the democratic space for opposition parties. In Singapore, these parties are denied media coverage and opposition dissidents are sometimes arrested without formal court proceedings (Lawson, 1995, p.2). The tenets of Asian democracy used in Singapore normally entail principle of relativism, more so with respect to the ideals of the culture. Those who support this model argue that democracy is not fit for everyone. Even though the structure of democracy has diverse forms and polit ical parties may not concur with regard to the importance attributed to diverse tenets of democracy, there are nevertheless constrains to the types of governments that can lawfully be referred to as democratic (Lawson, 1995, p.3). For instance, Singapore has been run by the People’s Action Party (PAP) for over three decades. Despite the fact that political parties in the country are allowed to vie for office, the PAP regime has used a number of oppressive tools to ensure that valid political contest for the office is restricted thus ensuring that PAP maintains its uninterrupted rule (Lawson, 1995, p.9).In Singapore, the creation of cultural precepts from which the values of Asian democracy are formed has been linked to a Confucian legacy. As a result, a number of cultural spats used by political elites in Singapore in recent times merit consideration with respect to creation of cultural norms. Also, the country offers a lucid model of how official organizations related with d emocracy cannot assure that democratic activities, especially those related to political antagonism and expression are in fact operational (Lawson, 1995, p.13). The PAP government has sustained its rule in Singapore since 1959 via a number of political strategies. For instance, the PAP’s ability to deliver high economic growth and improved living standards among its population with negligible level of corruption has entrenched realistic consent among the populace. The state has carefully used public consent via repressive strategies for example arresting political dissidents without trial and constraints on a number of public rights such as freedom of speech. Moreover, the PAP has bolstered public consent by promoting a number of Asian values. For example, in 1982, the ruling party created Institute of East Asian Philosophy (IEAP) to promote Confucian ideas which would later be redefined and adjusted to the needs of the modern society (Lawson, 1995, p.14). Singapore cannot be classified as a welfare state because it does not provide social services to its citizens. The major providers of these services are voluntary and religious organization. However, the government has done exceptionally well on economic reforms that have improved incomes and living standards of its people. The government has liberalized the economy and attracted foreign investments by developing efficient social and economical infrastructures. However, the democratic set up of Singapore is still oppressive and political parties and dissidents are oppressed. References Agarwal, B., Esim, S., Gopal, K., Bisnath, S. (2001). Empowerment of Women throughout the Life Cycle as a Transformative Strategy for Poverty Eradication. Retrieved from: http://www.unwomen.org/en Applications. (2010). Applications II: What We Do. Retrieved from: http://www.progressions.info/5chap.pdf Callender, G., Johnston, J. (1998). Governments and Governance: Examining Social and Economic Autonomy in Malaysia and Singapore. Asian Journal of Public Administration, 20, 151-172. Jones, D.S. (2002). Welfare and Public Management in Singapore: A Study of State and Voluntary sector Partnership. Asian Journal of Public Administration, 24, 57- 85. Lawson, S. (1995). Culture, relativism and democracy: political myths about Asia and the West. Canberra: National Library of Australia. This research paper on Singapore cultures primary mode of subsistence was written and submitted by user Alexa T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Argumentative Essay Sample on Roosevelt and His Reputation

Argumentative Essay Sample on Roosevelt and His Reputation Born into the age of manifest destiny, Theodore Roosevelt, the twenty-sixth President of the United States, was probably the most domineering politician of the first half of the twentieth century. He was a hunter, a soldier, a cowboy, and a Statesman, his likeness forever carved into Mount Rushmore. He started the National Park Department, and collected specimens for the museum of Natural History. The Teddy Bear was named after him; he even won the Nobel peace prize. His political doctrine shaped not only our own country, but even affects international affairs today. Throughout his political career Roosevelt worked to build an American Empire. Roosevelt got what he wanted with little or no regard for other countries. From the Spanish American War to the Panama Canal, Roosevelt promoted America as a world power, and often times this was done at the expense of others. At the turn of the nineteenth century the United States had come into its own, while the reminisce of a crumbling Spanish Empire had sunk to a dismal low. The time was right for nation and politician, to take over the reins by exploiting their neighbor to the south. In one fell swoop Theodore Roosevelt rushed into a war to further both his own career and elevate the position of his country. Using the guise of liberty America usurped an empire, and abused it to become a world power. The reminisce of his international endeavor turned one country to a powerhouse, while sucking dry all others. Since the beginning of recorded history European powers fought each other to control their continent. From the Romans to the Saxons, Kings, Dukes and Princes battled for territory, like jackals over a carcass. For hundreds of years Europe was carved and re-carved into sovereignties, states and kingdoms. Rarely were campaigns mounted to conquer lands east of the Ural Mountains or south of Egypt. Europe was well aware of the riches of Asia, and had long been engaging in trade with her for silk and spices. Europe was too entangled with its own affairs to impose on the rest of the world. But in the year 1492 it all changed, Christopher Columbus set sail from Spain and headed west into the unknown. In an attempt to find a shorter course to the Indies he stumbled on to a land never before known. Christopher Columbus had discovered America for the Europeans, and Europe was no longer content to stay with in its own continent. In a thirst for wealth, Europe exploded on to America. Spain, Portugal, England and Holland reached out and extended their kingdoms across the Atlantic. They colonized America, much to the dismay of the native inhabitants. Through the subjugation and slavery, the colonies of both North and South America where raped of their resources. Europe gained prosperity and power at the expense of the Americas. This pattern of exploitation would forever leave its mark on the Americas. In the year 1776, thirteen former British colonies declared their independence and became the United States of America. This new country soon followed in the steps of Columbus and headed west. At first it purchased land from France, and then stole more form Mexico. By the mid-nineteenth century it stretched from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. Although it was not as wealthy and powerful as its European counterparts, The United States Of America soon became a dominant force in the Western Hemisphere, and engaged in international affairs. Ever fearful of the European empires at her doorstep, The United States of America started to interfere with Europe’s American possessions. On December second 1823 President Monroe instated the Monroe Doctrine, witch demanded that Europe respect the western hemisphere as the United States’ sphere of interest. At that time America, with a relatively small naval force, had no way of enforcing their new decree. For the mean time the U.S. would have to sit by and play second fiddle to England and Spain, who by that time dominated the region. The Spanish where the first to colonize and explore the Americas, thus since the time of Columbus The Spanish Crown controlled most of South and Central America during, its hay day Spain’s rule extended from Florida to Argentina, with the exception of Portuguese owned Brazil, Spain also had colonies outside of the Western Hemisphere such as Guam, the Philippines and the Canary Islands. At first, the Spanish used the native population as slave labor to work on plantations and extract precious materials to send back to Spain. Soon they imported African slaves to there colonies. Through this exploitation Spain became exceedingly prosperous. By the early nineteenth century Spain’s cruelty to her colonial subjects caused her to lose a good number of their colonies, Mexico declared its independence and South America revolted under Simon Bolivar. Spain had managed to hold onto a few islands in the Caribbean and the Pacific Ocean. With this loss of its colonies, Spain’s economical and world status dissipated. In the north The United States of America had transformed into a world player. After the American Civil War, the U.S. set about restoring her nation and embarked onto a new political arena. Known as the gilded age of American politics, the American reconstruction was ripe with political corruption. Into this stepped a young New York politician by the name of Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt known for his honesty and righteousness quickly rose thru the ranks of the Republican Party. the more prominent of the two parties of that time since it associated with Lincoln, he was to police Commissioner of New York, and then was Elected Mayor of New York City. Roosevelt earned a name for himself as a reformer. He gained a reputation as a great orator and when he himself wasn’t campaigning he would campaign for other republicans. In the eighteen nineties, Roosevelt campaigned on behalf of William McKinley. When McKinley was elected President he repaid Roosevelt by appointing him Assistant Secretary of the Navy. Theodore Roosevelt might have never risen above this post, if it wasn’t for political unrest on the island of Cuba. Cuba, part of the Spanish Empire, had been in a state of constant uprising since the eighteen twenties. These revolts came to a fevered pitch in 1896 when a Spanish General massacred civilians, so they could no longer give aid to the rebels. Cuban refugees often entered American harbors with stories of Spanish atrocities. In a shameless attempt to sell more copies, American newspapers exaggerated these stories of Spanish brutality. William R. Hearst and John Pulitzer, the two most famous newspapers owners of the time, had a running competition to out sell each other’s papers; their rivalry caused the stories from Cuba to become more and more sensationalized5. This yellow journalism outraged the American people, who were demanding something be done to help the Cuban people. When riots broke out Havana President McKinley, at the advise of Roosevelt, sent the battle ship U.S.S. Maine into Havana Harbor in order to protect U.S. interests. Roosevelt was itching for a war; at various times he urged attacking England, Germany, Spain and Mexico, he often spoke about annexing Hawaii or seizing Canada. He even advocated going to war with Chile after an American sailor was arrested there in a bar room brawl. Roosevelt wrote to his friend â€Å"in strict confidence I should welcome any war. The country needs one.† But there was no need for strict confidence. He had already made a name for him self in Washington as a warmonger, after he fervently called for military and territorial expansion. A Congressman later wrote â€Å"Roosevelt came down here in 1897 looking for war. He did not care whom we fought as long as there was a scrap†. In Cuba, Roosevelt saw Americas chance to enforce the seventy five year old Monroe Doctrine. President McKinley tried to maintain strict neutrality in regards to the problems in Cuba. But Roosevelt preached war from every pulpit. Calling for war with Spain Roosevelt proclaimed, â€Å"I cannot understand how the bulk of the people can tolerate the hideous infamy that has attended the last two years in Cuba.† His speeches appealed to Americans who had become very sympathetic to the Cuban people, For McKinley’s neutral stance on Spain Roosevelt said of him â€Å"he has no more back bone then a chocolate Ð ¹clair.† Roosevelt wanted desperately to cry havoc and unleash the dogs of war. McKinley might never have given any thought to Roosevelt’s tirades if it was not for the disaster to come. At eight p.m. on February 15th, Havana, Cuba was racked with a giant blast, the U.S.S. Maine, which had been stationed in Havana harbor for the last twenty-one days, inexplicably exploded killing two hundred and sixty six American sailors. The Spanish government expressed it sympathy, but many Americans were suspicious of how an American battle ship just happened to mysteriously sink in a Spanish port. Roosevelt immediately called for war, certain that the Spanish had something to do with the sinking of the Maine. Roosevelt’s superior, Secretary of the Navy John D. Long sided with the President; he did not wish to become involved in Cuba’s guerilla war. While the American Government was still carrying out a joint investigation into the sinking of the Maine, Theodore Roosevelt decided to take matters in to his own hands. On the twenty fifth of February 1896, while the Secretary of the Navy was away from Washington, Roosevelt audaciously sent a cable on his behalf to the commander of the U.S. Asiatic fleet, Commodore George Dewey. The cable read â€Å"Dewey, Hong Kong, secret and confidential, order the squadron except Monocacy to Hong Kong. Keep full coal. In the event of declaration of war Spain, your duty will be to see that the Spanish squadron dose not leave the Asiatic coast and then offence operation in the Philippine islands. Keep Olympia until further orders. Roosevelt†. Acting on his own, Theodore Roosevelt ordered the U.S. Navy to prepare an attack on the Philippi ne Islands, a Spanish colony that housed Spain’s pacific fleet. When Secretary of the Navy John D. Long returned to Washington some days later and learned of what Roosevelt had done, he was outraged. Before Long could countermand the order, the government’s joint investigation gave its verdict on the sinking of the Maine. They found, that the Maine was sunk by a mine (it was later discovered that the Mane exploded due to a coal fire near the magazine). With that news President McKinley declared war on Spain. Because of Roosevelt’s premature order, Commodore Dewey was outside of Manila Bay in the Philippines, and was ready to launch a surprise attack on the Spanish fleet. Commodore Dewey, from the bridge of his flagship The U.S.S. Olympia, led the attack on Manila Bay. With the battle cry â€Å" Remember The Maine! Down With Spain!† Dewey out gunned ten to six, engaged the Spanish fleet, within range of the guns over looking the harbor. Within only a few hours every Spanish ship was destroyed, with out one American casualty, this gave America control of the Pacific Ocean, and opened the way for the invasion of Guam and the Philippines. Theodore Roosevelt was not content to spend the war behind a desk in Washington. Against the wishes of the President and the Navy Department, and in spite of the fact that he had a wife and six children at home, Theodore Roosevelt resigned as Assistant Secretary of the Navy. He then formed a volunteer Calvary group, called the Rough Riders. Roosevelt saw action in the invasion of Cuba. In an act of self-promotion he brought along a reporter and a photographer in order to record his acts of bravery. This proved to be a smart political maneuver. When he led a charge up San Juan Hill it became front-page news, and Teddy Roosevelt became a household name. The Spanish American war lasted only four months. Less then one thousand died in combat, and it cost less then three million dollars. Roosevelt called it â€Å"a splendid little war.† As soon as he returned home from Cuba, Roosevelt ran for Governor of New York, and won, solely on his military fame. As governor, he was no longer involved in international politics. However the aftermath of Theodore Roosevelt’s splendid little war was left unfinished. America had gained control of Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines. Even before the war ended, America had already begun to talk about what to do with these new territories, especially the Philippines. A number of Americans believed that the Philippines should be a free nation. Some worried that if the Philippines where allowed to govern them selves, Germany or Japan would come along and make it a colony. There where also a number of social Darwinists who felt that who believed that Caucasian Americans were the superior to the Filipino people, and were then obligated to Christianize and enlighten the less advanced races. It was reported that President McKinley got down on his hands and knees and asked for God’s guidance on what to do with the Philippines. An inner voice told him the Philippines should be Christianized and civilized. While making his address on the outcome of the Philippines, McKinley read an excerpt from a poem by the British Author Rudyard Kipling entitled The White Mans Burden. â€Å"Take up the white man’s burden- Ye dare not stoop to less- Nor call to loud to freedom To cloak your weariness.â€Å" The Filipinos expected that like Cubans they too would be granted their freedom after the war was over. Congress had previously made a pledge to the people of the Philippines to that effect, but by a narrow margin the Senate refused to pass such a resolution. The Filipinos were not pleased when they realized they had traded one dominating regime for another. Tension continued to mount between the Filipinos and the occupying U.S. troops. On February fourth 1899, an insurrection broke out, led by Emilio Aguinaldo. The rebels hid in the jungles and waged guerilla warfare. The American solders soon adopted the same tactics as their Filipino counterparts, leading to atrocities being carried out on both sides. A solders song from the time portrays the hatred Americans had for their enemy. Damn, damn, damn the Filipinos! Cross-eyed kakiak ladrones! Underneath the starry flag Civilize ‘em with a Krag [rifle], And return us to our own beloved homes. The Philippine Insurrection was a far cry from the splendid little war of Roosevelt. The confrontation lasted longer involved more savage fighting and had more casualties then the Spanish American war. This caused uproar among American anti-imperialists who found a great amount of hypocrisy having entered into war with Spain over the freedom of Cubans, and then fighting the Filipinos who too wanted freedom. The insurrection lasted two years, and became extremely unpopular, prompting a New York newspaper to write a reply to Rudyard Kipling’s poem. We’ve taken up the White mans Burden Of ebony and brown: Now will you kindly tell us, Rudyard, How we may put it down? The Philippines remained a territory of the United States for forty more years. They finally got their independence on the fourth of July in the year 1946. During his term as governor of New York, Theodore Roosevelt, in his attempts to reform the New York political machine, made some political enemies, mainly State Senator Thomas C. Platt. Because of Roosevelt’s popularity they knew he would not be voted out of office. In order to get Roosevelt out of New York Platt arranged for him to be nominated for Vice-President. Once regarded by John Adams (Americas first Vice-President) as â€Å"the most useless position ever conceived by man,† it was thought after serving one term his career would cease to exist. In 1900 William McKinley was elected to his second term in office, and Theodore Roosevelt was his new Vice-President. Roosevelt did not desire to waste his career rotting in the Vice-Presidency. He had already decided that he would push for the republican nomination for the next election. But Teddy wouldn’t have to wait four years. At the Pan-American Exposition, in Buffalo New York a twenty eight year old anarchist named Leon Czolgosz, waited on line to shake hands with the President, his right arm wrapped in a bandage concealed a gun. While the President stood before him, he put forth his left in order to shake hands with McKinley. Seeing his bandaged arm the President put out his left hand as well, Czolgosz grabbed a hold of president’s hand and would not let go, Leon Czolgosz then shook the bandage his right arm from producing a thirty-two Johnson revolver. He then very calmly forced the gun under the President’s left arm and shot him the twice and in abdomen. Eight days later William McKinley lying on his bed, held his wife’s Ida hand and said to her â€Å"Nearer my God to thee, God’s will not ours be done.† At two fifteen in the morning of September fourteenth 1902, President McKinley expired, leaving his country without a leader. While on a train, in the Adirondacks, at the age of forty-two, Theodore Roosevelt, Unknowingly became the twenty-sixth President. The country was uncertain about Theodore Roosevelt as their President, he had the reputation of being impulsive and radical. Mark Hanna, a close friend of McKinley, expressed his grief and anxiety in a letter when he wrote, â€Å"That damned cowboy is the President of the United States. †¦I never take a step in a foreign policy unless I am assured That I shall eventually carry out my will by force. Theodore Roosevelt Roosevelt slowly eased into the Presidency over the first few months. But a man with his personality couldn’t stay idle for long. America was now a world power, and Roosevelt had big plans. Roosevelt exploded in to world politics, He based his new plan for foreign diplomacy on a West African proverb â€Å"speak softly and carry a big stick, you will go far.† During his days in the Naval Department, Roosevelt believed and depended on having a powerful navy with full control of the waters surrounding the country to guarantee safety, and to intimidate your neighbor. Roosevelt wanted two things, Europe far away from the Americas, and a canal thru Central America. To achieve these two goals Roosevelt embarked on what was know as The Banana Wars, a series of small occupations and meddling in the affairs of Central America. Roosevelt was tremendously mistrusting of Europeans interacting with Central and South America, he feared that Europe might take advantage and exploit the smaller countries, jeopardizing American control of its domain. If any of the European powers exercised their strength in the America region Roosevelt would use the Monroe Doctrine. In 1902 Venezuela failed to repay its European creditors. Britain, Germany and Italy, in an attempt to bully Venezuela into repaying, stationed warships on it coast. They blockaded Venezuela and shelled a costal fort. Roosevelt sent Admiral George Dewey, the hero of Manila Bay, with fifty ships, to practice war maneuvers in the area, thoroughly intimidating the European ships into leaving. In 1903 the Dominican Republic, announced that it too would not pay back its debts, Roosevelt feared that European creditors would once again resort to imposing their military power. In order to keep them out of our back yard, Roosevelt arranged for a New York bank, which would later become Citi Bank, to cover the debit owed by the Dominican Republic. Roosevelt guaranteed their investment by sending the U.S. Marines to occupy and run the Dominican Customs House in Santo Domingo. Fifty five percent of the profits were confected to pay bay their debit. Roosevelt denied any American interest in this endeavor; he said, â€Å"I have about the same desire to annex it as a gorged boa constrictor might have to sallow a porcupine wrong-end-to.† Despite Roosevelt’s claim, these where not humanitarian acts. Roosevelt did not want to keep European influence out for the benefit of South and Central America. He kept them away because they challenged American authority in this area. This acted as a standard mold of how Americana, in the future would use monetary methods to solve military problems. The Roosevelt administration had a policy that encouraged American companies to take monetary advantage of the Caribbean. Companies, such as United Fruit (forerunner to Chiquita) that where bent on exploiting Latin America until it ran dry. Theodore Roosevelt and The United States treated South America as if it were a resource. Such degradation over the century has helped hold back many of these countries’ economy to this day. Theodore Roosevelt had long dreamed of a canal across Central America. A canal between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans would dramatically decrease travel time for shipping, increasing America’s revenue from trade. It would also quicken the response time for the United States Navy putting America at the status of England, who controlled the Suez Canal. Such a canal would increase America’s political strength ten fold. Building a canal across the American isthmus would not be an easy task. A Panamanian canal was attempted once before. A French company called Canal Interoceanique de Panama started works on a canal in 1880 the project was stopped after twenty years, it cost the French two hundred and eighty seven million dollars, and the lives of twenty thousand men who died from tropical diseases. It proved to be one of the greatest business failures of the 19th century. Nevertheless, Roosevelt was determined to have his canal. At that time the country of Panama was owned by Columbia. Roosevelt knew that if England could stop America from controlling canal thru Panama it would. According to The Clayton-Bulwer treaty of 1850, an agreement between the two nations, that stipulated, America cannot secure an exclusive control over such a route. When England was fighting the Boer War in South Africa, Roosevelt found it the perfect time to tear up their treaty, knowing that England would be too busy to stop him. The biggest problem facing the canal was the Columbian government. Roosevelt wanted to buy the rights to the canal from France, who had purchased them from Columbia, Columbia refused to allow France to sell the rights. So the Roosevelt made an offer to Columbia for the rights to the canal, but Columbia rejected all of his offers and denied him the land to build a canal. Theodore Roosevelt described his failed attempt at negotiations with Columbia, by saying â€Å"You could no more make an agreement with them than you could nail currant jelly to a wall - and the failure to nail currant jelly to a wall is not due to the nail; it is due to the currant jelly.† Roosevelt wasn’t going to turn back now. If Columbia wouldn’t give him a canal he would just create an independent Panama and do business with them. Panama was already trying to gain its independence from Columbia. Roosevelt took advantage of this. On November third 1903, the Panamanians revolted. When the Col umbian troops came to quell the uprising, American naval forces blocked the isthmus preventing the troops from entering Panama, The only casualties where a civilian bystander, and a donkey. Theodore Roosevelt started a revolution and created a puppet government, in order to build the Panama Canal. After Roosevelt left the presidency he had little to do with global affairs, with exception of the peace treaty of the Russo Japanese War. He tried to reenter the political ring in 1912, but he lost the election to Woodrow Wilson. And faded into the pages of history. Others politicians followed in his wake. President William H. Taft promoted U.S. banks to invest in companies that took advantage of the South American market, thus diverting income away from Latin America and putting it in American banks. President Woodrow Wilson also embraced American imperialism, and carried out a personal moral crusade he described it as, â€Å"I am going to teach South American republics to elect good men† but instead he sold arms to South American Rebels. Theodore Roosevelt exploited Latin America. His foreign policies were aimed at the expansion of American power through our neighbor to the south. He called out for war against Spain, and usurped their empire. He started a pattern that still remains today.

Modern Day Epic Story Essays - Sports Cars, Coupes, Porsche

Modern Day Epic Story Essays - Sports Cars, Coupes, Porsche Modern Day Epic Story EPIC STORY Looking back I underestimated the true capability of Carrera. Carrera was a man of intellectual prowess and had a supernatural ability to open car doors and start them with his mind. He was only five foot six inches tall with a medium build and he always wore a fishermans hat to hide the fact he didnt have any hair. Despite being only thirty-one years old, he managed to pull off the biggest car stings in the history of automobiles. With the help of unknown outside parties he managed to steal every type of sport car imaginable. He stole cars all over North America and was undetected by the authorities. If you havent guessed by now, he got his name from a sports car. Does the Porsche Carrera sound familiar? Porsche was the car he favored over the most. Why he didnt prefer the Corvette or Ferrari I dont know. His name would become a crucial factor in the story later on. After so many news cases of reported stolen sports cars, the authorities had to step up their investigation in finding this elusive thief. This was about the time they turned to me. My name is Burt Carver. I am 48 years old and had been retired from the FBI for 3 years when they called me back. At first I was not particularly interested in returning to work. My wife didnt want me to go back because she wanted me to spend more time with her. I gave it a couple days of thought and then I decided to return for this case only. My wife wasnt pleased but my interest in sports cars caused me to return to work regardless of what she told me. I went back to my old stamping grounds where I had solved so many cases. After 3 years of being away, it felt good to be back at the J Edgar Hoover Building. Even though it was my first day back, I was all business. I sat down around a big table with a lot of rookies and my old boss, Heath McGregor. He and I had always been on good terms with each other. He told us that the only information on this car thief was that he traveled all over North America stealing very expensive sports cars. In each stolen car file, the dealers reported they had all sets of keys even though the car was missing. Heath recommended that a tip phone line should be advertised and that the person who helped bring about the apprehension of this assailant should be rewarded handsomely. Heath called the project Mission Z3, named after the BMW sports car. When we marketed the hotline, we got numerous calls. Many were bogus but one of the callers sounded convincing to us. The caller used a pay phone in order to keep his location secret. The callers name was Webster Murdock and he described how sometimes while he was working at a Porsche dealership, a young bald man would come in and harass his boss. The guy would request private information that his boss couldnt disclose. One day Webster asked his boss what that guy was after and his boss said, He wanted information on where Porsche would be selling their brand new, very rare car. When we learned of this new information we sought every Porsche dealership across America. Meanwhile, Heath learned of another robbery in which a Honda S2000 had been stolen. Heath was becoming frustrated about how the thief was getting away with more cars and wasnt even having to work hard to do it. After weeks of calling different sources, I finally reached a man who worked at a Porsche dealership in Orlando, Florida who remembered speaking to a short, bald gentlemen. I flew down to Florida and interviewed the man. He recalled that the bald mans name was Carrera. I thought that that was a good name for a person who liked Porsche cars. I asked the dealer to give me the address and number to the Porsche showroom and thought I had an idea of how to catch this thief. When I returned to D.C., I told Heath about

What are the distinguishing aspects of Hispanic culture which affect Essay

What are the distinguishing aspects of Hispanic culture which affect political behaviour in the US after Obama - Essay Example The Census Bureau of the United States has defined individuals who are of Hispanic origin as those individuals who live in the United States, but state their origins as Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican, Central or South American. The same definition has been utilized by small business organizations all over the country as well as many federal, state and municipal agencies. This is needed by the mentioned organizations when it comes to awarding contracts to businesses owned by individuals from minority groups (US Census Bureau, 2001). As of this writing, the record for the number of Hispanic nationals residing in the United States has come up to 33 million, therefore making around 12 percent of the entire US population. It has been predicted that the numbers would increase to over 50 million by the year 2020 (US Census Bureau, 2001). According to Mendoza (1989), the Hispanic community is becoming increasingly acculturated. The process of ‘acculturation’ refers to the process of the integration of ethnic minorities into the mainstream culture of their environment. There has been research implying that acculturation has the tendency to reduce the feelings of inadequacy and helps minorities to feel a part of their ethnic group and the mainstream culture (La Fromboise et al., 1993). In the Hispanic population, acculturation has become more and more prevalent and despite this, there are still some cultural traits that Hispanic individuals possess, which in turn come into conflict with American culture. Lee et al (2006) has mentioned that cultural differences plays a part in affecting the organizational goals and objectives of an administration. The enormous changes in demographics within the 21st century has meant that postmodernism became one of the main players in the 2008 presidential elections. According to Sanchez & Fernandez (1993), Hispanic identity has been defined as the level to which individuals